{"id":35903,"date":"2025-02-06T10:22:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T09:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/observatoirecetelem.com\/?p=35903"},"modified":"2026-08-24T14:40:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T12:40:13","slug":"organic-food-market-france-consumer-spending","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/observatoirecetelem.com\/en\/consumption-minute\/organic-food-market-france-consumer-spending","title":{"rendered":"Organic food market: why did it suffer more than other values-driven spending?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Between 2014 and 2020, France\u2019s organic food market expanded dramatically. Its value multiplied by&nbsp;<strong>2.5<\/strong>, rising from around&nbsp;<strong>\u20ac5 billion to almost \u20ac13 billion a year<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then food prices rose and households were forced to make new trade-offs. Organic products were hit particularly hard, with the market declining for several years before stabilising in 2023.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2024, growth returned at around&nbsp;<strong>2%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This trajectory raises a question that goes beyond organic food itself. Other discretionary categories culture, leisure and holidays proved more resilient over the same broad period.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why was organic food, a category strongly associated with consumer values and environmental concerns, one of the first to weaken?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"iframe-wrapper\"><iframe title=\"Consumption Minute #4 | Organic Food Market, here we go again!\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1ZxdQGkCqmg?feature=oembed\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key figures for France\u2019s organic food market<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key takeaways:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 The market multiplied by&nbsp;<strong>2.5 between 2014 and 2020<\/strong><br>\u2013 Annual value increased from around&nbsp;<strong>\u20ac5 billion to nearly \u20ac13 billion<\/strong><br>\u2013 Significant decline from 2021 onwards as food prices increased<br>\u2013 Stabilisation in&nbsp;<strong>2023<\/strong><br>\u2013 Return to growth of around&nbsp;<strong>2% in 2024<\/strong><br>\u2013 Organic farmland represents around&nbsp;<strong>10.5% of French agricultural land<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Organic food is not pleasure spending it is a premium on a substitutable product<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the key to understanding the market\u2019s unusual trajectory.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leisure and cultural spending can remain relatively resilient because they often have&nbsp;<strong>no cheaper equivalent that provides exactly the same experience<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If someone gives up a concert, they give up that concert.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is no conventional version of the same event sitting beside it on the shelf at a lower price.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organic food is different.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It usually represents&nbsp;<strong>a price premium on a product for which a cheaper conventional alternative is immediately available<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A consumer who stops buying organic carrots does not stop buying carrots.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They buy conventional ones.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That substitutability changes the economics of the decision.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consumers may still care about environmental issues, farming practices or product quality.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But when purchasing power comes under pressure, they can reduce spending without immediately giving up the underlying product.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organic food was therefore not necessarily rejected because households stopped believing in it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It may simply have been&nbsp;<strong>one of the easiest forms of spending to adjust<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The same substitution mechanism seen from the opposite direction<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same logic can be observed elsewhere in the food market.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Egg sales, for example, continued to rise.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eggs cost around&nbsp;<strong>\u20ac0.26 each<\/strong>&nbsp;and are among the most affordable sources of animal protein.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The French egg market grew by&nbsp;<strong>4.7% in 2024<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The two movements reflect the same basic substitution mechanism.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When pressure rises, consumers trade down<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organic products can be replaced by cheaper conventional equivalents.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Consumers also move towards lower-cost ways of meeting the same need<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More expensive sources of protein can be replaced by eggs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Food is therefore a distinctive type of household expenditure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It cannot simply be postponed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But its&nbsp;<strong>composition is highly flexible<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That makes food very different from leisure expenditure, where the trade-off often concerns format rather than the underlying experience.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoirecetelem.com\/en\/mobility-minute\/egg-market-france-affordable-protein-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read also: France\u2019s egg market why the cheapest protein continues to grow<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What does the 2024 recovery mean?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The return to growth of around&nbsp;<strong>2% in 2024<\/strong>&nbsp;deserves a cautious interpretation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, it suggests that substitution can reverse when financial pressure eases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consumers who moved away from organic products may return when their budgets allow them to do so.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That would suggest the previous decline was at least partly&nbsp;<strong>financially constrained rather than driven by a fundamental change in values<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the recovery remains modest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Growth of 2% after several years of decline does not return the market to its 2020 trajectory.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rebound is real, but the rapid expansion seen between 2014 and 2020 has not resumed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is also an important supply-side issue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organic farming represents around&nbsp;<strong>10.5% of French agricultural land<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Much of this production capacity was developed during the years of strong market growth.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When demand contracted, the agricultural system did not instantly shrink with it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The result is an adjustment problem that extends far beyond supermarket shelves and affects producers as well.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What organic food reveals about household trade-offs<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three broader lessons emerge.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Consumer values and actual purchases are not the same thing<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Support for environmental or health-related goals does not automatically translate into the ability to pay a price premium.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The market can decline even when the underlying values remain important.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Substitutability determines how resilient spending is<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A category is not protected simply because consumers consider it important or virtuous.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What matters is whether there is&nbsp;<strong>a cheaper alternative offering a sufficiently similar outcome<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Household trade-offs can reverse<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 2024 recovery suggests that spending cuts are not always permanent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When financial pressure eases, consumers can return to categories they previously reduced.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoirecetelem.com\/en\/mobility-minute\/economic-uncertainty-households-postpone-purchases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read also: economic uncertainty and household wait-and-see behaviour<\/a><\/strong><br>\ud83d\udc49&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoirecetelem.com\/en\/lobservatoire-cetelem-de-la-consommation\/consumption-in-europe-the-quest-for-enjoyment-holds-firm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Discover the Cetelem Observatory Consumption studies<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<section class=\"faq\">\n  <h3>FAQ &#8211; Organic food market in France<\/h3>\n\n  <div class=\"faq-item\">\n    <h4>Why did France\u2019s organic food market decline after 2020?<\/h4>\n    <p>\n      Rising food prices forced households to make trade-offs. Organic products\n      often carry a premium over conventional equivalents, making them\n      relatively easy to replace with cheaper alternatives.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"faq-item\">\n    <h4>Does the decline in organic food mean consumers care less about environmental issues?<\/h4>\n    <p>\n      Not necessarily. Consumers may still value organic production but have\n      less ability to pay the price premium. The return to growth in 2024\n      suggests that part of the decline was financially driven.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"faq-item\">\n    <h4>Why did organic food perform worse than leisure spending?<\/h4>\n    <p>\n      Because organic products have cheaper substitutes that provide a similar\n      basic function. A conventional food product can replace an organic\n      version, whereas a cultural experience or holiday has no exact\n      lower-cost equivalent.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"faq-item\">\n    <h4>Is France\u2019s organic food market growing again?<\/h4>\n    <p>\n      Yes. After stabilising in 2023, the market returned to growth of around\n      2% in 2024, although it has not returned to its previous growth\n      trajectory.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"faq-item\">\n    <h4>What share of French agricultural land is organic?<\/h4>\n    <p>\n      Organic farming accounts for around 10.5% of France\u2019s agricultural land.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key takeaways<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">France\u2019s organic food market grew rapidly between&nbsp;<strong>2014 and 2020<\/strong>, increasing from around \u20ac5 billion to nearly \u20ac13 billion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rising food prices then triggered a significant decline before the market stabilised in 2023 and returned to growth of around&nbsp;<strong>2% in 2024<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The explanation lies partly in the nature of the purchase.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organic food represents a&nbsp;<strong>price premium on products for which cheaper conventional alternatives are immediately available<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consumers can therefore reduce spending without giving up the underlying product.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The decline does not necessarily mean environmental concerns disappeared.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It may instead reflect a reduced ability to pay for those concerns.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The return to growth in 2024 suggests that these household trade-offs can reverse, while the&nbsp;<strong>10.5% share of French agricultural land devoted to organic farming<\/strong>&nbsp;highlights how strongly production capacity had already developed during the market\u2019s expansion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoirecetelem.com\/en\/lobservatoire-cetelem-de-la-consommation\/consumption-in-europe-the-quest-for-enjoyment-holds-firm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Discover the Cetelem Observatory Consumption studies<\/a><\/strong><br>\ud83d\udc49&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoirecetelem.com\/en\/mobility-minute\/public-transport-france-funding-ticket-real-cost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read also: how public transport is funded in France<\/a><\/strong><br>\ud83d\udc49&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/personal-finance.bnpparibas\/en\/mobility-consumption-minute-february-2025-public-transport-organic-food\/\">Back to the February 2025 Mobility &amp; Consumption Minute on BNP Paribas Personal Finance<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Between 2014 and 2020, France\u2019s organic food market expanded dramatically. Its value multiplied by&nbsp;2.5, rising from around&nbsp;\u20ac5 billion to almost \u20ac13 billion a year. Then food prices rose and households were forced to make new trade-offs. Organic products were hit particularly hard, with the market declining for several years before stabilising in 2023. In 2024, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1981,"featured_media":35718,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1495,1496],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mobility-minute","category-consumption-minute"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Organic food in France: why did the market suffer more than other values-driven spending?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"France\u2019s organic food market grew from \u20ac5bn to nearly \u20ac13bn before falling after 2020. Why was organic spending easier for households to cut?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/observatoirecetelem.com\/en\/consumption-minute\/organic-food-market-france-consumer-spending\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Organic food in France: why did the market suffer more than other values-driven spending?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"France\u2019s organic food market grew from \u20ac5bn to nearly \u20ac13bn before falling after 2020. 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